Syrian And The Syrian Civil War - 1191 Words

Introduction The nation of Syria is one that has endured very difficult times in recent years due to a large amount of internal conflict and structural collapse on a political level. Due to the current state of our nation and nations abroad, we should not allow Syrian refugees to enter the U.S. at this time to ensure the safety of those already in the country. The Situation in Syria In recent years, there has been an extreme shift in the desire for change throughout Syria on a political level. The large surge of Syrian refugees is a direct result of the Syrian civil war and the extreme violence that it has created. The Syrian civil war began in 2011 with the execution of several democratic student protestors who were caught spreading antigovernment propaganda. The killing of these students only furthered the protester’s resolve; thus, citizens began to take up arms and fight back against Syria’s national government while demanding the resignation of their president, Al-Asaad. First, the idea was for citizens to defend themselves from police brutality; however, it quickly turned into full scale territory wars between the government of Syria and democratic protestors (Rodgers, 2015). The sheer brutality and amount of fighting in the streets quickly rose in only a few short years. The overall death toll of the civil war in Syria has grown exponentiall y, from about 90,000 in 2012, to over 250,000 in 2015 (Rodgers, 2015). The fighting has caused millions to flee from Syria toShow MoreRelatedThe Syrian Civil War1526 Words   |  7 Pages The Syrian Civil War has had a profound effect of all Syrians as well as neighbouring countries and the international community. With more than 11 million homeless Syrians comes consequences beyond what most of the world population has ever experienced or anticipated. Of the displaced, almost 5 million are refugees outside Syria and around 6 million have been displaced inside Syria, with half of all displaced Syrians being children. The main causes of displacement amongst the population is theRead MoreThe Syrian Civil War800 Words   |  4 Pagesoften, with political motives. Since the start of the Syrian civil war in 2011, the United Nations have tried to adopt a resolution that would refer the situation in Syria to the International Criminal Court who would commission the investigation of the horrific war crimes being committed in the country. However, due to vetoes from the Chinese and the Russian governments, the United Nations has been unable to sanction the investigation of war crimes in Syria, allowing for a culture of impunity toRead MoreThe Syrian Civil War1677 Words   |  7 Pageswas discussing the Syrian Civil War and the necessary action outside countries should take against the Syrian government to protect innocent Syrian civilians. The United States and its allies wanted to support the opposition of the regime, but they were conflicted on when and why they should take military action, not wanting to be dragged into another war in the Middle East. The documentary Red Lines follows a Syrian activist, Razan Shalab al-Sham and the director of the Syrian Emergency TaskforceRead MoreThe Syrian Civil War846 Words   |  3 PagesSyria’s civil war. It all started in 2011 in the Syrian city of Deraa. Syrians protested after 15 schoolchildren had been arrested and tortured for writing anti-government graffiti on a wall. The protest was peaceful to begin with calling for the kids release, but the government responded angrily. On March 18, 2011 th e syrian army opened fire on protesters, killing four people. People were shocked and angry at what had happened and soon the unrest spread to other parts of the country. Read MoreThe And The Syrian Civil War2434 Words   |  10 Pagesorganizations spreading these truthless allegations and misconceptions. Most westerners view the Syrian Civil War as a fight between an evil regime led by the brutal and malicious Bashar Al-Assad, and Peaceful democracy seeking freedom fighters. The Syrian Civil War has been waging for over half a decade, and has gradually diminished into a war of attrition. The conflict was thrust into existence after Sunni-Arab Syrians became especially enthusiastic about the Arab Spring. The Rebel Bloc in Syria is oftenRead MoreThe Syrian Civil War2000 Words   |  8 PagesThe precursor to the Syrian Civil War dates back to when Hafez al-Assad, a Baathist, seized power through a coup d’à ©tat in 1970. Since 1970 Syria is a semi-presidential republic, with Bashar al-Assad as the current president and head of state. Conversely, Hafez groomed his charismatic son, Bassel, as the future president of Syria, while Bashar lived under the shadow of his elder brother. Bashar in comparison to his brother was an intellectual and exhibited a quiet and reserved demeanour. HoweverRead MoreThe Syrian Civil War1590 Words   |  7 PagesSince the Syrian Civil War began in 2011 many countries have gotten involved on both sides, Russia, China, and Iran have placed their support behind the President of Syria Bashar al-Assad, while countries like France, the United States, and those in the European Union and United Nations support the rebel group of the Syrian National Coalition. I am going to be advising French officials President Francois Hollande and Foreign Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault on how to end the Syrian Civil War with the helpRead MoreThe Syrian Civil War1497 Words   |  6 PagesOver the course of less than five years, the Syrian civil war has caused the displacement of over 10 million people of this nation. The rise of ISIS in conjunction with a corrupt government has left millions of men, women, and children without a country to call their home, and the branding of refugee status. Within the international system, sovereign nations have a responsibility to provide for these persons under the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (Cherem 2015). While this expectationRead MoreThe And The Syrian Civil War2429 Words   |  10 Pages Being one of the deadliest issues the 21st century have dealt with thus far, more than 250,000 Syrians have lost their life and almost 11 million are displaced from their homes in this nearly five-year long armed conflict. With al-Assad being in power since 1971, many Syrians are displeased with the long-promised economic and political reforms. Hence, many opposition groups (such as the Free Syrian Army) were formed with the goal of bringing down the Assad regime. Amidst all the chaos, ISISRead MoreSyrian Civil War1792 Words   |  8 Pageshow to end up the civil war in Syria. Syrian civil was is an armed conflict, which started in March 2011 and developed into international demonstrations in April. The main conflict is held between non-formed rebels wanted to overthrow the power government Ba’ath Party and the resignation of the Syrian president Bashar al-Assad, whose family rules the country since 1971. Ba’ath Party is neo-Ba’athism dominant government party that has ruled in Syria since 1963. All started as a civil and peaceful demonstrations

The Steel Brassiere - 1885 Words

THE STEEL BRASSIERE by Iris Sheila G. Crisostomo AT first I thought I was hearing the wind whistling through the termite-infested wall of Tiya Andings house. Wind on a hot summer afternoon? Dismissing the noise as coming from rats slipping through hidden holes and crevices in the old house, I rummaged through the remaining boxes for things worth keeping. My visit to Tiya Andings house on J.P. Rizal Street was prompted by a public notice from the city engineers office that the property was scheduled for demolition to give way to the construction of an annex building for the towns health clinic. Tiya Anding was a friend who had no living relatives. When she died, her house and the 300-square-meter lot reverted to the government. With†¦show more content†¦There were shrieks of glee and the patter of little feet running to get nearer for a closer look each time the fountain squirted water once more. Mama, the fountain! cried eight-year-old Jonathan. He was holding his sister Gina by the hand and leading her to the edge of the fountain. Take care not to get wet, I called out. He nodded. I could see him smiling in the distance. He had his fathers winsome smile. I finished my ice cream, my second helping. Later in the afternoon, we wandered through the playground and spent time pushing one another on the swing. Twin metal chains fastened the swing to a horizontal steel bar and once again the feel of the cold steel between my fingers made me think of Tiya Andings breast armor. As the swing swayed back and forth, I closed my eyes and my hand went over my chest, remembering how the hard metal felt against my flesh. The wind was brushing against my face with every swing and I felt like a warrior riding with the wind, charging towards the enemy. Then I felt a drop of liquid on my cheek. Was it a tear? Was I crying? As I felt more drops, I realized a drizzle was starting. I called out to the children and we ran to the parking lot but it was a long way getting there. I stepped on mud and slipped on the pavement made slippery by the rain. JonathanShow MoreRelatedThe History of the Bra Essay873 Words   |  4 Pagestheir figures by squeezing themselves into restricting, and uncomfortable garments. Waists have been reduced and bust lines have been increased, decreased, flattened, lifted or spread out, depending on what was fashionable at the time. The modern brassiere and its predecessors have not only been known for their functionality, but have also been linked with statements of fashion and politics. The concept of covering or restraining the breasts dates back to 2500 BC when Minoan women from the islandRead MoreI Will Use My Own Passion2349 Words   |  10 Pagesdenoted the exact origin of the Ao Dai. Ao Dai are not only a beautiful dress, but it is also a meaningful outfit. The front has two flaps; the first lap represents parental relatives (husband family and wife family). Another short flap acts as a brassiere, located inside two large flaps, representing an image of parents cuddling their children. The collar is V-shaped cut and about 4 to 5 cm long. This kind of rare collar elegantly performs a graceful reflection of woman. Now, the modern collar hasRead Morevictorias secret Essay4715 Words   |  19 Pagesthe corset was often painful and limited movement. Many argued that the corset was responsible for causing miscarriages and deformities and that it repressed and victimized womenviii. The Victorian age yielded greater innovations in lingerie. The steel-front busk fastening, allowed women to put on or take off corsets without assistance. The elastic corset emerged offering more comfort. Laced trimmings and embroidery, and silk underwear were introduced. Innovations in steam molding and dyes enabledRead MoreStrategic Role of Logistics in Kazakhstan21048 Words   |  85 Pagesshipping their exports by air. Second, since air freight is more expensive than sea freight, they can specialise in products with a high value-to-weight ratio. Such products exist in most sectors e.g. cut flowers, peas and herbs in agriculture; brassieres and swimwear in clothing etc. Harrigan documents that imports to the United States from its more distant trading partners have much higher unit values and are much more likely to arrive by plane. Thus, he finds that unit values are between 19Read MoreStrategic Role of Logistics in Kazakhstan21063 Words   |  85 Pagesshipping their expor ts by air. Second, since air freight is more expensive than sea freight, they can specialise in products with a high value-to-weight ratio. Such products exist in most sectors e.g. cut flowers, peas and herbs in agriculture; brassieres and swimwear in clothing etc. Harrigan documents that imports to the United States from its more distant trading partners have much higher unit values and are much more likely to arrive by plane. Thus, he finds that unit values are between 19Read MoreComparative Study of Pakistan Chinese Cultures13385 Words   |  54 Pagescan see looking as uniform as the men one sees in Saudi Arabia. religious beliefs and practices, the dominant culture. If one travels to the source of those Italian style or fashion of dress. Young women wear open blouses that expose decorative brassieres groups of young men outside government office buildings all dressed in the same black suits and 3 as conformity with reigning standards, norms, and rules. It is what allows us to live together in communities by giving us shared signs and signalsRead MoreStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 PagesThat is because along with planning came the planners, the major players in the process according to this school. Thus, one publication urged planners to involve top management at key points, only at key points, such as four days per year in one steel company (Pennington, 1972:3)! The emphasis on decomposition and formalization meant that the most operational activities received the attention—especially, as we 58 STRATEGY SAFARI have seen, scheduling, programming, and budgeting. Virtually

Ethical Issues in the Social Worker’s Roles in Pas Free Essays

Review and Critique of â€Å"Ethical Issues in the Social Worker’s Role in PAS (Ameda A. Manetta and Jancie G. Wells, 2001) Tracy S. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Issues in the Social Worker’s Roles in Pas or any similar topic only for you Order Now Robinson September 2010 (Ameda A. Manetta and Jancie G. Wells, 2001). Ethical issues in the social worker’s role in pas. Health ;amp; Social Work/ Volume 26, pg 3 Introduction The author’s focus was on ethical issues in physician assisted suicide and the role it plays amongst social worker’s. The author’s presented results of an exploratory study of social workers views on physician assisted suicide (PAS). In which social workers favored or not favor PAS and whether there is a difference in education or training on mental health issues, ethics, or suicide that may influenced their views as well. The involvement with PAS presents an ethical dilemma, which in this article refers to a situation in which social workers think they have no definitive guidelines for professional behavior. The article has current interest because it is important that social workers have been properly prepare and train to work with clients making end of life decision. Summary of the author’s main points Purpose of the study. The purpose of the study was to determine social workers views on physician assisted suicide (PAS). The study involved participant from three separate workshops on suicide that were presented by the first author. The study subsamples sixty-six social workers. The social workers either had a South Carolina social work license or a bachelor’s or master’s degree in social work. The participants recruitment where given a questionnaire that contained twenty-six questions, most of which required yes or no responses. The study focus on how these different elements guide social workers in making ethical decisions regarding intervention with clients. There were areas in the articles that mention how social workers had difficulties in doing that. Summary of literature review as presented by the author. The study found that physician assisted suicide is one of the most frequently debated issues in American Society (Bachman et al.. , 1996; Foley, 1997). The study found that people are divide on the issues. It has brought arguments about preservation of life, autonomy, and self-determination of individual. This gives ethical and moral complicity of end life decision making. The study found that most social worker agrees that PAS should be reserved for people who are dying from terminal illness. However the other percentage that opposes argue that underutilization of narcotics for pain control leaves terminally ill patient in pain during the end of life as well. The finding for the arguments had little research conducted on the etiology of actual cases of PAS. Most of the available data is on suicide among individuals who acted alone. It has found that when people are experiencing personal difficulties or have lowered coping capacity, they are at risk of suicide. However terminally ill people are rarely suicidal, the author’s have shown studies that the main difference between terminally ill patient who become suicidal and those who don’t is the presence of clinical depression in the patients who are suicidal. Summary of ethical issues. There are some ethical dilemmas that occur when there is a lack of knowledge about state and federal legislation governing practice are sufficiently prepared to work responsibly with clients and family considering PAS. Some ethical issues arise when the lack of knowledge may have produced biased thinking in social workers projecting what they want in a situation onto their clients or client’s family. The instruments. The researchers used a questionnaire as their instrument in the study. The survey instrument contained twenty-six questions. The questions included demographic information on age, race, religion, and educational degree. Sampling techniques. There were a total of ninety-eight participants, including physician, psychologists, nurses, and social workers complete the questionnaire. The finding reported here based on a subsample of sixty-six social workers who either had a South Carolina social work license or a bachelor’s or master’s degree in social work. Methods of data analysis. The researchers used the statistical program for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics were calculated on demographic information. A chi-square analysis was used to determine if there were any statistical relationships between social workers who agreed and those who disagreed with PAS by whether they had universal courses, additional training, and knowledge of the PAS law of South Carolina. Data collection techniques. Participant’s recruitment occurred at three separate workshops on suicide. As attendees enter the workshop a questionnaire was administrated to ninety-eight participants. Summary of study findings. The author’s of this article had the following major findings: (a) that social workers in South Carolina are evenly divided about who supported PAS and who did not support it. (b) circumstances under PAS would be favored for reasons other than terminal illness, were two-thirds agreed with PAS if a person had terminal illness, compared with thirty-seven percentage. (c) majority of respondents stated that they had taken university courses or had additional training in the field of mental health, ethics and suicide. Relevance of the article to social work profession. Resolving ethical problems. The authors suggest obtaining information from social worker who works with a broad spectrum of clients would help in formulating policy. Since PAS and legacy of PAS are applicable to all populations. The authors in the article also suggest that legislation should set up some type of ethical practice by requiring that social workers be licensed in one of the three levels. And social workers only should practice in areas in which they have expertise and license in. Benefits of the article to social workers. The social workers may benefits from this article because it makes them more aware about PAS. It also benefits by informing social workers of the accountability of their action when assist clients and their families who request information about PAS. The article helps social workers want to get more inform about the policies related to PAS and how it would affect them has social workers. The article gave them a broader view of end of life decision from the narrow biomedical and single focus on self-determination to one that incorporates the core value of human rights. Critique and Personal Opinions. Critique. The article was relevant to social work practice. The article focused on the issues that needed to be address toward social workers roles in PAS. The authors identify the ethical dilemmas that social workers have been avoiding conflicts in the view of PAS. The research that was conducted was limited due to the fact of its small sample size, but the results of it confirm the need for more extensive research in the area of social work with PAS. Personal opinions. In my opinion I would have liked for the study to have been broader in their selection of participants. I think that there should have been a state wide study done. South Caroline shouldn’t have been the only sate involved in their study. I believe if they had more statistics it would have capture a broader view of what they were trying to get cross. I wonder if they had given the questionnaires at the end of the workshop they would have gotten a better response in data. Improving the study. In order to improve the study what would have been done differently? I think I would have included more workshops of suicide to pull more research from the study. The study was conducted with limitations in it. Those limitations of study did affect the calculation and results of the study. I would have liked the authors to have gone farther into the dilemmas that social workers have with avoidance of conflict. Conclusion. The article included valuable but limited information. The authors of this wanted to focus on the ethical dilemma that surrounded social workers with (PAS). The authors study did point out issues that needed to be address to help social worker want to make better ethical decision when it comes to dealing with end of life decision. This decision should be consistence with social worker values of protection of vulnerable populations in today’s society. The study also identifies the need for NASW to disseminate its professional policy statement to the profession and to broaden their views of end of life decision. I believe this is a great start that the authors brought forth in helping social workers down the path to end the ethical dilemma presented toward PAS. References (Ameda A. Manetta and Jancie G. Wells, 2001) How to cite Ethical Issues in the Social Worker’s Roles in Pas, Papers

Why Did You Choose to Apply to Ucf free essay sample

Why did you choose to apply at UCF? I want to continue my education by attending a 4-year university. What better place to do that then the University of Central Florida. IJCF is the 3rd largest University in the country- home to over 53,000 students. Choosing a large university is important to me as I feel it will provide me with not only a plethora of choices as far as degree programs but it will also give me the lifestyle I am looking for. IJCF has over 400 registered student organizations, intramural sports, Greek life and student government. These extra activities will give me plenty of opportunity to meet new people and get involved. Another reason I applied to IJCF is tradition. Ever since my family moved here from New York in 1995 1 have witnessed firsthand the growth and transformation of IJCF. Driving in the car down University Blvd with the gold and black banners hanging from the lampposts alerts you that you are entering the home of the Knights. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Did You Choose to Apply to Ucf? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page From the alumni with their car flags to the students walking around the local malls in their IJCF apparel, everyone is proud to be a Knight. One of the biggest traditions at IJCF is called the Spirit Splash. This is a tradition that takes place during homecoming week and is one of the only times during the year that students, alumni, teachers, local residents and even pets can wade in the reflection pond on campus. Events like these unite a large university and make it seem like we all share something together. Student life at UCF is diverse and vibrant. UCF offers a large variety of intercollegiate athletics that compete in the NCAA Division 1. It has added a brand new arena for concerts and shows, a brand new stadium for tailgating and support of the IJCF Knights. IJCF is located in east Orlando. Only 45 minutes to the beach, 25 minutes to downtown and 45 minutes to the theme parks- it is centrally located and encourages a lifestyle outside of campus. IJCF seems to have everything I am looking for in a school. It offers an opportunity for an excellent education as well as encourages a full and thriving college lifestyle. Go Knights!

Autonomic Nervous System Essay Sample free essay sample

A basic lineation of the autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system is basically a motor coordination apprehensive with the direction of splanchnic functions. It is in charge of mostly smooth musculus and besides cardiac musculus. It is an intuitive motor nerve construction. which means it drives motor urges to the natural variety meats. It functions automatically and endlessly. without attentive effort. to innervate smooth musculus. cardiac musculus. and glands. It is concerned with bosom gait. inspiration rate. blood force per unit area. organic structure temperature. and other intuitive actions that work jointly to uphold homeostasis. The autonomic nervous system has two parts. the sympathetic division and the parasympathetic division. Assorted splanchnic extremities are provided with fibres from the two divisions. In this instance. one arouses and the other restrains. This aggressive purposeful relationship acts as equilibrium to aids sustains homeostasis. ( Edwards 132 )The relationship of autonomic nervous system to the CNS and PNS. We will write a custom essay sample on Autonomic Nervous System Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The peripheral nervous system is made up of the nervousnesss that bough out from the encephalon and spinal cord. These nervousnesss form the contact web associating the CNS and the organic structure parts. The peripheral nervous system is to boot subdivided into the bodily nervous system and the autonomic system. The bodily nervous system consists of nervousnesss that exit to the tegument and musculuss and is concerned in argus-eyed actions. The autonomic nervous system consists of nervousnesss that attach the CNS to the natural variety meats such as the bosom. belly. and bowels. It arbitrates comatose activities ( Edwards 145 )The basic nervus tracts. the mark variety meats and the functional procedure. The cranial parasympathetic tracts undertaking to an extended scope of marks in the caput. cervix. thorax and venters. The chief mark of cranial parasympathetic tracts are secretory secretory organs linked with the oculus. oral cavity and olfactory organ. They arouse the secernment of watery fluid. often with a attendant vasodilation. Parasympathetic tracts besides have a critical function in concentrating the oculus and modifying pupil diameter. ( Edwards 157 )Sympathetic tracts have an miscellaneous aggregation of actions. Many are energetic about all the clip ; illustration vasoconstrictive pathways to the musculuss that uphold cardinal blood force per unit area. vasoconstrictive pathways to the tegument that aid avert utmost heat loss. or prevertebral tracts to the GI piece of land that AIDSs avoid undue H2O loss from the intestine. Extra sympathetic tracts are activated merely on demand. The sympathetic co-activation effects in the industry of thicker. more syrupy spit. ( Edwards 160 )Pelvic autonomic tracts. Regulation of the motion of several pelvic variety meats needs synchronised direction utilizing both sympathetic and sacral parasympathetic tracts. on a regular basis in connexion with the appropriate bodily motor tracts. Surely. many of the ganglia in pelvic tracts hold mixtures of nerve cells. some of which obtain preganglionic inputs from lumbar spinal degrees and others of which obtain preganglionic input from sacral spinal degrees. A few single nerve cells collect convergent inputs from both lumbar and sacral preganglionic nerve cells. and there may be perceived to lean back in both sympathetic and parasympathetic tracts. Throughout the tracts explained above. the parasympathetic system triggers digestive procedures while the sympathetic system restrains them. ( Edwards 166 )Work cited page.Edwards. G. Biology the Easy Way. Barron’s EducationalSeriess. 2001. ISBN:07644113585.

Vicarious Learning Essays

Vicarious Learning Essays Vicarious Learning Essay Vicarious Learning Essay The Four Types of Vicarious Learning There are four separate types of vicarious learning. These are worth knowing, because they enable you can expect learners to change their behaviour as a result of observing someone else experience the principles described throughout this chapter. These four types of vicarious learning are summarized in Table 12. The Modeling Effect occurs when a person almost directly duplicates a behavior he has seen someone else perform and which the observer has not previously suppressed. The observer displays new behaviors that prior to the modeling had a zero probability of occurring. For example, my son bats the way he does because Barry Larkin is successful with that batting stance. The Eliciting Effect occurs when the observer performs a behavior to the models, but still somewhat different. For example, if I hear that a famous celebrity has donated $50,000 to charity, I would be demonstrating the Eliciting Effect if this generosity prompted me to volunteer to umpire Little League basebal games. The Disinhibitory Effect occurs when a person who has previously refrained from a behavior goes ahead and performs that behavior after seeing a model perform the behavior without receiving any negative consequences. For example, if I already knew how to speed in my automobile but refrained from doing so out of fear of a speeding ticket, I could demonstrate the Disinhibitory Effect by driving more quickly after several cars passed me on the expressway with no apparent negative consequences. The Inhibitory Effect occurs when a person refrains from a behavior after seeing a model punished for engaging in that behavior. For example, I once stopped asking questions in a high school class after I saw several students receive assignments to write reports on topics about which they asked questions. As Table 12. 1 shows, any of these four types of vicarious learning can lead to the development of either desirable or undesirable behaviors. TABLE 12. 1 Descriptions and Examples of Specific Types of Vicarious (Observational) Learning. Description Positive Example Negative Example Modeling Effect (A person directly imitated - models- the behavior of another person. )A person almost directly duplicates a behavior he has seen someon else perform and which the observer has not previously suppressed. The teacher uses an effective thinking strategy to solve a word problem, and the student employs that same strategy when faced with a similar problem in the future. The teacher responds sarcastically to a student question. Students who witness this sarcasm later use the same strategy in responding to their peers. Eliciting Effect (A behavior is elicited - drawn forth - rather than duplicated. )A person performs a behavior to the models, but still somewhat different. The teacher uses an effective thinking strategy to solve a word problem. When the student is faced with a similar problem in the future, he tries a different strategy which is similar (but not identical) to the one used by the teacher and which the student already knew how to employ. The teacher responds sarcastically to a student question. A student who witnesses this sarcasm later punches a friend who annoys him. Disinhibitory Effect (The person gets rid of an inhibition - hesitation - to do something. ) A person who has previously refrained from a behavior goes ahead and per-forms that behavior after seeing a model do so without receiving any negative consequences. A student is afraid to give a speech to the class because she thinks her classmates will make fun of her. A friend gives a speech, and no one makes fun of the friend. The student is now more willing to give her own speech. A student refrains from chewing gum in class, because she knows this behavior will be punished. A classmate in the front row chews gum, and the substitute teacher does nothing about it. The first student also begins chewing gum. Inhibitory Effect (The person is inhibited - stopped - from doing the behavior. )A person refrains from a behavior after seeing a model punished for engaging in that behavior. A child stops cheating on tests when he sees a movie in which a child is punished for cheating on tests. A child stops volunteering information in class because he thinks the teacher reacts harshly to other children who volunteer information. Models that people imitate take a wide variety of forms. A student may imitate another student, a teacher, a parent, a sports celebrity, a movie star, a cartoon character, a fictional character in a novel, a person demonstrating a skill in an educational film - anyone performing a behavior that can be observed (even in the observers imagination) can qualify as a model. It is also important to note that the behavior to be imitated takes shape within the mind of the observer. This means that if the observer thinks the model has been reinforced for performing a behavior, then the observer is likely to imitate that behavior - even if the model did not really perform that behavior or even if the model himself perceived the consequences to be unpleasant rather than pleasant. It is even possible to have people serve as models for themselves. For example, a teacher could view a videotape of her own performance in the classroom. If her performance contained errors, feedback from a knowledgeable colleague could enable her to visualize how she would do a better job next time. Athletes often use tapes of themselves during good times to teach themselves ways to improve during a slump in their performance. Box 12. 1 Accidental Modeling Kirk uses very offensive language in talking back to Mr. Winters. Mr. Winters realizes that Kirk is just trying to get his attention, and so he calmly ignores Kirk and attempts to go on with the class. Soon, other students start using offensive language. Ida is the first student of the year to fail to bring in her math assignment. Mrs. Peters knows from previous experience that keeping her for a detention will not be aversive to Ida but that a call to Idas mother will probably stop the problem for the rest of the year. However, several of the other students think that Ida has gotten by without doing her work, and so they slack off on their own work. Mary makes a slightly rude remark to Mr. King. Mr. King knows that Mary is testing him, and so he comes down on her with a very severe rebuke in front of the entire class. In addition, he talks to Mary alone after class, and urges her to stop playing games and get on with her job of learning. Mary appreciates Mr. Kings interest and decides to bear down and do good work in the course. However, several of the students in the class who dont know Mary or Mr. King very well decide to be as quiet as possible in the class. Whenever Mr. King raises a question, they look down so that he wont call on them and ridicule them. In the first two examples, the observers inaccurately concluded that Kirk and Ida were receiving reinforcement for their undesirable behaviors. Even though this perception was inaccurate, these observers still experienced vicarious reinforcement, and their behaviors were strengthened. In the third example, Mr. King has taken successful steps to minimize negative side effects in Mary; but the negative side effects have had an impact on other students. By anticipating such accidental modeling, we can greatly reduce inappropriate learning.

Energy Consumption & Modernization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Energy Consumption & Modernization - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that  peak load is the highest amount of power or electric value recorded at a particular period. Peak load values will be obtained when there is more demand on the electricity due to use of appliances. In this case peak load values in the student halls will be recorded during the early morning when the students will be preparing to go to class or any other activities they are involved in. The use of the instant heating showers, blow dryers, iron box coupled with the demand to ensure that the room is warm enough due to the morning cold, the amount of electricity in use instantaneously shoots up. Peak load can also be noticed in the evenings just when the students are coming back from their classes and other activities they have been engaging in during the day.  This research declares that  base load is the lowest average in energy consumption at a particular period when the consumption is steady.  Base load values will be obtained when there is les s demand on the electricity. In the students halls Base load values will be recorded during the day while most of the students will be away, because this brings down the overall consumption of energy although the values during the day might not be very reliab lebecause of the students left in the halls since the will still be consuming the electricity this may take out the steady aspect in the calculation of base load values.

Medieval Islamic Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Medieval Islamic Philosophy - Essay Example that had been transmitted from Greece into these countries. In, 323-43 BC Greek classical philosophies experienced a drastic change. From being a fundamentally Greek product, it developed into an international and eclectic cultural movement in which Greek, Egyptian, Phoenician and other Near Eastern religious and ethical elements came together. This change is best represented by the role Alexandria played as the centre of varied streams of notions making up the new philosophy. At the same time as the Abbasid Caliphate was set up in Baghdad in 750 AD, the centre of learning progressively moved to the Abbasid capital, which became later the heir of Athens and Alexandria as the new cultural city of the medieval world. Nearly two centuries later Cordoba, capital of Muslim Spain, began to contend with Baghdad as the centre of 'ancient learning'. From Cordoba, Greek-Arabic philosophy and science were spread across the Pyrenees to Paris, Bologna and Oxford in the twelfth and the thirteenth centuries. During the time of the Abbasi'd Khalifah (Caliph) Mamun-al-Rashid who had established a Bait-el-Hikmah (House of Wisdom) in Baghdad, the influence of the foreign thought seeped into Islamic culture. Works of Greek philosophy and natural sciences were available in Alexandria, Egypt, and some other Syrian cities. Mamun-al-Rashid employed scholars of all religions, Jewish, Christianity, Islam, etc. for the purpose of translating these works into Arabic. Regardless of the strong hold of Islamic theological doctrine on the minds of the Arabs, skepticism and rational thinking increasingly developed and flourished under the encouragement and protection provided by the Khalifah. The first reception of Greek-Hellenistic philosophy in the Islamic world was mixed. It was rejected in the beginning as being distrustfully foreign or pagan, and was thus scorned by conservative theologians, legal scholars and grammarians as harmful or unessential. By the middle of the eighth century AD the image had changed to some extent, with the appearance of the rationalist theologians of Islam known as the Mu'tazilites, who were utterly inclined by the methods of discussion or dialectic supported by the Muslim philosophers. Of those philosophers, the two exceptional persons of the ninth and tenth centuries were al-Kindi and al-Razi, who welcomed Greek philosophy as a form of freedom from the fetters of doctrine or blind imitation (taqlid). For al-Kindi, the objectives of philosophy are rightly well matched with those of religion, and, for al-Razi, philosophy was the highest expression of man's intellectual goals and the noblest achievement of that noble people, who were incompa rable in their quest for wisdom (hikma). Later scholars used this device with mixed results. For instance, Ibn Rushd stated (11), "Since the religion (Islam) is true and summons to the study which leads to knowledge of the Truth, we the Muslims know definitely that demonstrative study does not lead to (conclusions) conflicting with what Scripture has given us; for truth does not oppose truth but accords with it and bears witness to it." Thus it was a given that the Scripture was perfect and true, every

Project - Answer questions based on readings Essay - 1

Project - Answer questions based on readings - Essay Example Leopold’s advocacy instigated an era that allowed for people to transcend introspective personal necessities in favor of environmental consciousness. His call for conscience must initially start from cognizance of man’s acts and how it affects the ecology. 2. In its entirety Rachel Carson writes a very poignant essay which illustrates a perceptible recognition of her predisposition which is noticeably literary. â€Å"All through the night the cries of curlews and plovers and knots, of sandpipers and turnstones and yellowlegs, drifted down from the sky. The mockingbirds who lived on the island listened to the cries. The next day they would have many new notes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Carson, 1941). This passage stuck to me in a way that it evoked a deep sense of poetic beauty that signifies symbolic representations while at the same time realistically narrating something that is actual and tangible. The connotations of the night proved to be consistent in this passage with the birds howling at night that suggests they are probably in misery over something. The mockingbirds represented the role of a spectator much like the reader who are there only to witness them but without any active part in the process. But as far as symbolisms would go, a new day would present a new beginning and a new hope that was equally appropriate for the birds. 3. There had always been an attribution of enchantment and an implication of beauty toward flowers. This gift of nature in different forms, shapes, sizes and smells evoke a profound feeling that is often romanticized as perpetuated by poets and the like. The reverence given to flowers had always been reinforced by society. Flowers, depending upon the circumstance, may imply love, sympathy, respect or delight. The next quotation signifies a stripped version of man and all of his ingenuities as by-products. But in essence, it is nature that is the

A micro assembler for a processor

A micro assembler for a processor INTRODUCTION A micro assembler (sometimes called a meta-assembler) is acomputer programthat helps prepare amicroprogramto control the low level operation of a computer in much the same way anassemblerhelps prepare higher level code for aprocessor. The difference is that the microprogram is usually only developed by the processor manufacturer and works intimately with the hardware. The microprogram defines theinstruction setany normal program (including bothapplication programsandoperating systems) is written in. The use of a microprogram allows the manufacturer to fix certain mistakes, including working aroundhardwaredesign errors, without modifying the hardware. Another means of employing micro assembler-generated micro programs is in allowing the same hardware to run differentinstruction sets. After it is assembled, the microprogram is then loaded to astore to become part of the logic of aCPUscontrol unit. Some micro assemblers are more generalized and are not targeted at single computer architecture. For example, through the use of macro-assembler-like capabilities,Digital Equipment Corporationused theirMICRO2micro assembler for a very wide range of computer architectures and implementations. If a given computer implementation supports awriteable control store, the micro assembler is usually provided to customers as a means of writing customized microcode. Ã ¨ Computer programs(softwareprograms) areinstructionsfor acomputer.A computer requires programs to function, typicallyexecutingthe programs instructions in acentral processor.The program has anexecutableform that the computer can use directly to execute the instructions. The same program in its human-readable sourceform, from whichexecutableprograms are derived (e.g.,compiled), enables aprogrammerto study and develop itsalgorithms. Computer source code is often written by professionalcomputer programmers. Source code is written in aprogramming languagethat usually follows one of two mainparadigms:imperativeordeclarativeprogramming. Source code may be converted into anexecutable file(sometimes called an executable program or a binary) by acompiler. Alternatively, computer programs may be executed by acentral processing unitwith the aid of aninterpreter, or may beembeddeddirectly intohardware. ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE: A program written in assembly language it basically contain of a series ofinstructions- mnemonics that correspond to a stream of executable instructions, when translated by anassembler that can be loaded into memory and executed. For example, anx86/IA-32processor execute the below instruction as given inmachine language. Binary: 10110000 01100001 (Hexadecimal: B0 61) The mnemonic move it tells the opcode1011tomovesthe value in the 2nd operand into the register. Transforming the assembly language into the machine code is done by anassembler, and the vice versa by this assembler. In High-level language, there is usually aone to one relationbetween simple assembly logics and machine language instructions. But, in few cases, an assembler provides instructionswhich will expand into several machine code instructions to provide its functionality. Eachcomputer structureandprocessor designhas its own machine understanding language. Each instruction is simple enough to be executed using a relatively small number of electronic circuits. System may differ by the type of operations they support. For example, a new 64-bit (AMD processor) machine will have different structure from a 32-bit (Intel processor) machine. They also have different size structure and the different storage structure. Multiple collection ofmnemonics codesor assembly-language code may exist for a single instruction set, typically instantiated in different assembler programs. In thes e cases, the most popular one is usually that supplied by the manufacturer and used in its documentation. ASSEMBLER The advancedassemblercreatesobject codeby translating assembly instruction mnemonics intoop codes, and by resolvingsymbolic namesfor memory locations and other entities.The use of symbolic references is only the key feature of assemblers, saving tuff calculations and manual address. Most assemblers also includemacrofacilities for performing textual substitution. E.g.: To generate common short sequences of instructions to runinline, instead of in asubroutine. Assemblers are easier to write thancompilersforHLL. Advanced assemblers, like RISCbased architectures, such asMIPS, SunSPARC, and HPPA-RISC, it optimizeinstruction schedulingto exploit theCPU pipelineefficiently. There are two types of assemblers, based upon how many passes through the source are needed to produce the executable program. One-pass assemblers go through the source code once at a time and assume that all symbols will be defined before any instruction that references them. Two-pass assemblers create a table with all unresolved symbols in the first pass, and then use the 2nd pass to resolve these addresses. The advantage in the one-pass assemblers is about its speed, which is not as important as it once was with advances in computer speed and capabilities. The advantage of the two-pass assembler is that symbols can be defined anywhere in the program source so its an easier way to understand the user. Its results to the program can be defined in a more logical and meaningful way. It will make two-pass assembler programs easier to read and maintain. More sophisticatedhigh-level assemblersprovide language abstractions such as: Advanced control structures. High-level procedure declarations and invocations. High-level abstract data types, including structures, unions, classes, and sets. Sophisticated macro processing. Object-Orientedfeatures such asencapsulation,polymorphism,inheritance,interfaces. Heres how it works: Most computers come with a specified set of very basic instructions that correspond to the basic machine operations that the computer can perform. For example, a Load instruction causes the processor to move a string of bits from a location in the processorsmemoryto a special holding place called aregister. The programmer can write a program using a sequence of these assembler instructions. This sequence of assembler instructions, known as thesource codeor source program, is then specified to the assembler program when that program is started. The assembler program takes each program statement in the source program and generates a corresponding bit stream or pattern. The output of the assembler program is called theobject codeor object program relative to the input source program. The object program can then be run whenever desired. Earlier programmers actually wrote programs in machine code, but assembler languages or instruction sets were soon developed to speed up programming field. Today, assembler programming is used only where very efficient control over processor operations is needed. It requires knowledge of a particular computers instruction set. Historically, most programs have been written in higher-level languages such as COBOL, FORTRAN, PL/I, and C. These languages are easier to learn and faster to write programs with than assembler language. MICROASSEMBLER A micro assembler also called as meta-assembler. It is a kind of program which helps prepare a micro program to control the low level operation of a computer in much the same way an assembler helps prepare higher level code for a processor. The use of a micro program allows the manufacturer to fix certain mistakes, in hardware design also. Another means of employing micro assembler-generated micro programs is in allowing the same hardware to run different instruction sets. When it is assembled, the micro program is then loaded to a control store to become part of the logic of a CPUs control unit. Some micro assemblers are more generalized and are not targeted at single computer architecture. For example, the use of macro-assembler likes capabilities, Digital Equipment Corporation used their MICRO2 micro assembler for a very wide range of computer architectures. THE ASSEMBLER USED BY THE MICROSOFT (MASM) MASM is a Microsofts assembler and abbreviation used for it is Macro Assembler. MASM is a very powerful macro feature, and is capable of writing very low-level syntax, and pseudo-high-level code with its macro feature. MASM 6.15 is currently available as a free-download from Microsoft site. MASM is a one of the Microsoft development tools that are targeted 16-bit, 32-bit and 64-bit platforms. Versions 6.1 and 6.11 included Phar Laps TNT DOS extender so that MASM could run in MS-DOS. MASM will write in Intel Syntax. MASM is used by Microsoft to implement some low-level portions of its Windows Operating systems. MASM, contrary to popular belief, has been in constant development since 1980, and is upgraded on a needs-basis. MASM has always been made compatible by Microsoft to the current platform, and executable file types. MASM currently supports all Intel instruction sets, including SSE2. MAL (MICRO ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE): It describes about the lexical, syntactic, and semantic elements of the language, and gives a focus on microprogramming with the mic1 micro-assembler. Lexical: Most assembly language such as Micro-Assembly Language is a line-oriented language. Each micro-instruction is generally defined on a single line of the program file. The end-of-line is generally significant. It is a case-sensitive. For example, AND is a reserved word Corresponding to a bitwise operation of the mic1 ALU, while and is not reserved and may be used as a label Comments The comments will begin with two slash characters (//) and continue to the end of the line. Blank lines and lines consisting only of white space and comments are ignored by the micro-assembler. Directive Directives for the micro-assembler begin with a period character (.) and may contain alphabetic characters. There are two micro-assembler directives: .default and .label. Directives are used to provide guide the behavior of the micro-assembler, and do not correspond with words in the control store. Reserved Words The names of registers and control lines are reserved, as are the words if, else, goto, nop, AND, OR, and NOT. For the mic1 architecture, the following words are reserved and may not be used as statement labels: MAR MDR PC Fetch If Else goto nop AND OR NOT MORE ABOUT THE MICRO ASSEMBLER: Micro Assembler is Integrated Development Environment for assembly programming. Micro Assembler has a much easier syntax than any of the major assemblers, a great combination for beginners. Micro Assembler is a Windows based application so you can enjoy user-friendly Windows environment. APPLICATIONS Hard-coded assembly language is typically used in a systemsboot ROM(BIOSon IBM-compatiblePCsystems). This low-level code is used, among other things, to initialize and test the system hardware prior to booting the OS, and is stored inROM. Once a certain level of hardware initialization has taken place, execution transfers to other code, typically written in higher level languages; but the code running immediately after power is applied is usually written in assembly language. The same is true of mostboot loaders. Many compilers render high-level languages into assembly first before fully compiling, allowing the assembly code to be viewed fordebuggingand optimization purposes. Relatively low-level languages, such asC, often provide specialsyntaxto embed assembly language directly in the source code. Programs using such facilities, such as theLinux kernel, can then construct abstractions utilizing different assembly language on each hardware platform. The systemsportablecode can then utilize these processor-specific components through a uniform interface. Assembly language is also valuable inreverse engineering, since many programs are distributed only in machine code form, and machine code is usually easy to translate into assembly language and carefully examine in this form, but very difficult to translate into a higher-level language. Tools such as theInteractive Disassemblermake extensive use of disassembly for such a purpose. A particular niche that makes use of assembly language is thedemo scene. Certain competitions require the contestants to restrict their creations to a very small size (e.g. 256B, 1KB, 4KB or 64 KB), and assembly language is the language of choice to achieve this goal.When resources, particularly CPU-processing constrained systems, like the earlierAmiga models, and theCommodore 64, are a concern, assembler coding is a must: optimized assembler code is written by hand and instructions are sequenced manually by thecodersin an attempt to minimize the number of CPU cycles used; the CPU constraints are so great that every CPU cycle counts. However, using such techniques has enabled systems like the Commodore 64 to produce real-time3D graphicswith advanced effects, a feat which might be considered unlikely or even impossible for a system with a 0.99MHzprocessor BENEFITS OF IT: The micro programmed Data General Eclipse S/200 computer is available with a writable control store. The WCS feature of the Eclipse is having extension of the micro programmed control logic of the computers central processing unit. It allows a user to implement specialized instructions at a very low level. Its use is however, discouraged since Data General does not provide software support for the WCS feature. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Microprogramming with the Eclipse Computer WCS feature Corporation, 1974. www.wikipedia.com www.google.com www.ontko.com Answers.com. assembly language: Definition and Much More from Answers.com. Retrieved 2008-06-19. NESHLA: The High Level, Open Source, 6502 Assembler for the Nintendo Entertainment System Eidolons Inn : SegaBase Saturn

I Hear an Army Charging Upon the Land Essay -- essays research papers

I Hear an Army Charging Upon the Land   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Threatening forces are every where we look in life. Almost anything could be considered a threat in today’s society. The poem by James Joyce, “ I hear an Army Charging Upon the Land,'; contains evidence of a threatening force. The threatening force in this poem is punk rock kids at a punk rock show.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Threatening forces are very apparent in this poem. A prime example of one is when he says “ Arrogant, in black armor.'; He is talking about kids in leather jackets. It is there way of proving they are punk and it looks threatening. Seeing people in leather jackets is scary, especially when society has trained us to think that black is a sign of . We have been trained to think that anything that stands out is scary and people in black leather jackets stick out like a sore thumb. Obviously, when James Joyce says “ in black armor,'; it is a threatening force of punk rock.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Punk rock is a very firm theme of this poem that is supposed to be menacing. This is established when it says, “ Clanging, Clanging upon the heart as upon an anvil.'; This is saying how he feels that the chains that the kids wear are frightening. He feels that the sound of their chains dangling together is intimidating. When people who wear chains run the often make a loud noise ... I Hear an Army Charging Upon the Land Essay -- essays research papers I Hear an Army Charging Upon the Land   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Threatening forces are every where we look in life. Almost anything could be considered a threat in today’s society. The poem by James Joyce, “ I hear an Army Charging Upon the Land,'; contains evidence of a threatening force. The threatening force in this poem is punk rock kids at a punk rock show.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Threatening forces are very apparent in this poem. A prime example of one is when he says “ Arrogant, in black armor.'; He is talking about kids in leather jackets. It is there way of proving they are punk and it looks threatening. Seeing people in leather jackets is scary, especially when society has trained us to think that black is a sign of . We have been trained to think that anything that stands out is scary and people in black leather jackets stick out like a sore thumb. Obviously, when James Joyce says “ in black armor,'; it is a threatening force of punk rock.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Punk rock is a very firm theme of this poem that is supposed to be menacing. This is established when it says, “ Clanging, Clanging upon the heart as upon an anvil.'; This is saying how he feels that the chains that the kids wear are frightening. He feels that the sound of their chains dangling together is intimidating. When people who wear chains run the often make a loud noise ...