A Psychoanalytic Reading of Hedda Gabler :: Hedda Gabler Essays

A Psychoanalytic Reading of Hedda Gabler Attempting a psychoanalytic reading of a given text is a bit like attempting to understand a city by examining its sewer system: helpful, yet limited. There are several reasons for using psychoanalysis as a critical literary theory; the critic might be interested in gleaning some sort of subconscious authorial intent, approaching the text as a "cathartic documentation" (my own term) of the author's psyche; the method might be useful in judging whether characters are well-rendered, whether they are truly three-dimensional and, therefore, worth our while as readers (thus satisfying the pleasure principle); finally, in a larger sense, the psychoanalytic approach can be employed to actually tell us something about our own humanity, by examining the relative continuity (or lack thereof) of basic Freudian theories exemplified in written works over the course of centuries. If we are indeed scouring the text for what I call "cathartic documentation," we must, at the outset, look at the period in which the work was written. Pre-Freudian works, that is to say those poems, plays, short stories, and novels written before the late 19th century, are the major candidates for success with this approach. However, 20th century works, beginning with the modernist authors, pose a problem. How are we to be sure that the writer is not consciously playing with Freud's theories, perhaps even deliberately expanding and distorting them for additional effect? Herein lies the problem with Hedda Gabler: The play was written at roughly the same time that Freud was just beginning to publish his theories. The question is "who influenced whom?" Obviously Freud was taken with Ibsen's realizations of certain fundamental ideas which were to be the foundation of his (Freud's) work: repression, neurosis, paranoia, Oedipal complex, phallic symbols, and so on; all of these factors are present in Hedda Gabler. The question remains, however, whether Ibsen had caught wind of Freud's work and decided to utilize it in the play. Perhaps I am wrong, but having read A Doll's House and An Enemy of the People, both earlier works by some ten years, Hedda Gabler seems to embody Freudian concepts to so much farther an extent that the possibility of a conscious effort to create Freudian neurotic types and set them loose on one another does not seem altogether outside the realm of possibility. Whether consciously or unconsciously, however, Ibsen has created extremely well-developed characters.

The Rules

* We should follow the rules so that we can maintain peace and organization within our society, economy, and even our country. Without rules no one would be able to work together. * Two different kinds of people can be heard to utter that question, â€Å"Why have rules? † One of them does not believe in rules; the other believes in rules and adds a few more words to the question, â€Å"Why have rules, if you are not going to enforce them? † I would like to examine both sides of this argument.Many people say that if we had no rules, there would be total anarchy and chaos. Some say that if there were no law against murder or theft, normal good people would murder and steal. I agree that there would be more murder and theft. But, I cannot imagine that normal people would murder and steal. Wouldn't you be repelled by murder and theft? Wouldn't there be implied constraints (implied laws, if you will) against murder and theft? Wouldn't the Golden Rule apply, even if it weren' t given to us in the Bible? Aren't there always implied rules? Sixty-nine percent of students who obey the rules say that the rules are there for guidance and protection, with 20 percent feeling that the rules are there to scare them into obedience. * We follow rules because they are necessary to coordinate individual actions in a social setting. Some rules are self-enforcing, i. e. , it is in each individual's interest to obey them. For example, once more than 50% of car operators drive on the right side of the road in a particular area, more and more drivers will notice that adapting to this rule reduces their risks of accident, and the rule will become more and more accepted.A driver who decides to break the rule will risk incurring a high cost. * A related reason why we follow rules is that we don't know the consequences of particular decisions: rules are, as Hayek says, â€Å"a device for coping with our constitutional ignorance. † * In certain instances, we follow rules because we want to guard against particular decisions that may, on the spur of the moment, bring satisfaction, but have long term consequences we wish to avoid. You may use a loud, or repeating, alarm-clock, or put it out of reach, because you know hat you may be tempted to stay in bed when the time comes. * Rules are indispensable, but there must be ways to challenge them by trying new ones. Much of the art of social, and personal, life is about knowing which rules to follow and which rules to disobey. * Most of the time we put people into one category or the other. You either accept the rules and play by them or you’re a rebel who likes to break the rules. * A third variety that we often forget about is the rule questioner.And the rule questioner is in a better position to learn and succeed than the pure rule followers and rule breakers. * Why you shouldn’t follow all the rules * The rule followers believe that rules are in place for a reason and that we should foll ow them all. Groups of smart people created laws and company procedures and social norms and school policies so we should accept them and follow them. * Blindly following the rules doesn’t require you to think much. You accept rules the way they are even if they don’t seem to make sense. The problem is that circumstances and environments and people and societies change. We learn better methods. Technology changes our procedures. Rules become outdated. * If you blindly follow all the rules, you don’t account for these changes. * Why you shouldn’t break all the rules * While some of us like to believe we’re rule breakers, most of us realize that we need rules to have a functioning society. (That is, unless you’re an anarchist. ) * Rule breakers really aren’t that different from rule followers.Instead of blindly following the rules, they blindly break the rules. * Why? * Maybe you think you know better. * Maybe you like the feeling of re bellion. * Maybe you want to be different. * Maybe you think the rules are absurd. * The underlying problem with both rule breakers and rule followers is that they don’t use their brains to think about whether they should follow or break the rules. * Question the rules * Instead of following all the rules or breaking all the rules, we should become rule questioners. * Do the rules make sense?If so, then follow them†¦if not, think about about how you might be able to change them. * Most people believe that if you don’t question the rules, you’ll get farther in life, but success awaits those who are willing to break the right rules. * Painting inside the lines * I’m definitely a rule follower. * I was reminded of my tendency to follow the rules last weekend when I attending a Paint By Wine Class with some friends. A local art shop provides paint, a blank canvas and an artist to teach you to create a painting while you sip wine and chat with friends. Ev eryone is supposed to follow the instructor’s guidance to create the same painting. I didn’t really like the colors in the painting, but I followed each of the artist’s instructions and recreated something that looked exactly like her painting. She complimented me on how straight my lines were. * It wasn’t until I looked around, that I noticed that other people weren’t following the rules (gasp! ). Some of my friends used different colors. Others put their flowers in different locations. Others were going even more rogue and painting roses instead of daisies. I blindly followed the rules without even thinking about how I could put my own touch on the painting. I didn’t even like what I was creating, but I found myself proud that I had followed the directions so closely (although certainly not perfectly). * What was I left with at the end of the night? Besides a fun time hanging out with my friends, I had an exact replica of a painting I didn ’t really like. (Yes, the featured image in this post is my â€Å"work of art†. ) * Use your brain to question the rules Whether you’re more of a rule breaker or a rule follower, we can all improve by questioning the rules before following or breaking them. * I’m not suggesting that you pick only the rules you feel like following. Please don’t drink and drive because you think the rule doesn’t make sense. Don’t steal from the grocery store to feel like a rebel. * But do use your brain to ask reasonable questions. *   Rules are important because without rules there would be chaos. Everyone would be doing whatever they want and no one would agree and bad things would happen.   Rules are important because it lets society know what is expected of them. If you break the rules there are consequences and you are aware of that as well. Rules keep us in order. * We should follow the rules so that we can maintain peace and organization with in our society, economy, and even our country. Without rules no one would be able to work together. * Rules are needed to stop anarchy and to provide order. People need to be accountable for their actions so rules are needed. Without rules, no one would own up to any responsibility and things would never get accomplished. *

Examples Of The Middle Class In The Canterbury Tales

Khalib Hall Morris English 12- 6th 05 December 2017 Middle Class in Canterbury Tales In the Canterbury Tales, the majority of the characters are in the middle class. The middle class is talked about on multiple occasions and is discussed throughout the story. There are multiple examples in which the character of the middle class is shown. Though the middle class has a variety of different people from different backgrounds with different skills the usually all have around the same ways of acting towards certain situations. These are some of the reasons that they are all grouped together with the same characteristics.They are strong, hard-working, and yet easily manipulated. The people in the middle class in the story were very strong.†¦show more content†¦The cook could have made anything requested and was truly dedicated to a job that he loved dearly. Also Chaucer quotes in the story, â€Å"They had a cook with them who stood alone for boiling chicken with a marrow-bone, sharp flavoring-powder and a spice for savor, he could distinguish London ale by flavo r.† (Chaucer 10). In this quote is shows detail of how well the cook works and how much effort he puts into serving those who are eager to eat his masterpiece. The cook was also one of many who were in the middle class in the Canterbury Tales. He is just another example of how hardworking the middle class is. In the story there are many circumstances under which the people in the middle class have been manipulated, by those with evil intent, effortlessly. Chaucer acknowledges the devious deeds of the Pardoner, â€Å"On one short day, in money down, he drew more than the parson in a month or two, and by his flatteries and prevarication made monkeys of the priest and congregation.† (Chaucer 115). The Pardoner took advantage of people and robbed them for their last dime with no remorse. Though the Pardoner was wrong for what he did there should never be a scenario when somebody is robbed of their last dime by intellectual manipulation, there should always be a point of ret urn. Next Chaucer displays, â€Å"There was no Pardoner of equal grace for in his trunk he had a pillowcase.† (Chaucer 115). Here Chaucer is implying that this is not theShow MoreRelatedCharacteristics Of Middle English Literature1356 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Structure in Middle English Literature In today’s time, we have modern day literature and it’s refreshing to be able to go back into the past and look at classic English literature to see how different literature has become. There hasn’t been another time frame of English literature like the Middle English Literature era. During the middle English era literature and its writers were unique and their pieces of literature were created during the Middle English era to cover a variety of manyRead MoreChaucer s The Canterbury Tales1064 Words   |  5 PagesGeoffrey Chaucer, The Author of the Canterbury Tales, is known as the Father of English Literature and is one of the greatest English Poets of the Middle Ages. Chaucer was a soldier, a diplomat, a civil servant, and a courtier, enabling him to experience different aspects of each social ranking, which he demonstrated through his poetry. The Canterbury Tales, his most famous work, is a collection of short stories within a frame story, making for an interesting and memorable narrative about 29 pilgrimsRead MoreThe Emerging Middle Class in Late Medieval England888 Words   |  4 PagesWritten by Geoffrey Chaucer at the end of the fourteenth century, The Canterbury Tales and more specifically it’s prologue, shed a great deal of lig ht on the rising middle class in (fourteenth century) England. Despite the fact that some readers may not know a lot about the time period today, Chaucer’s writing in the prologue elaborates on topics such as occupations, wealth, education, and political power. Scholar Barbara Nolan writes of the prologue, â€Å"it is more complex than most†¦It raises expectationsRead MoreThe Guildsmen In The Canterbury Tales882 Words   |  4 PagesThe Guildsmen of The Canterbury Tales Step 1 Prewriting: The Guildsmen were a group of men a part of a labor union. The carpenter, the weaver, the haberdasher, the dyer, and the carpet maker all traveled together due to their similar trades. They did this so they could increase the prices of their good. These men were all very successful in their respective trades. The men dressed in very fancy attire. The Guildsmen were also very proud of how well they treated their wives. Step 2 Prewriting: ThereRead MoreEssay On The Guildsmen In The Canterbury Tales783 Words   |  4 PagesThe Guildsmen of The Canterbury Tales Step 1 Prewriting: The Guildsmen were a group of men a part of a labor union. The carpenter, the weaver, the haberdasher, the dyer, and the carpet maker all traveled together due to their similar trades. They did this so they could increase the prices of their good. These men were all very successful in their respective trades. The men dressed in very fancy attire. The Guildsmen were also very proud of how well they treated their wives. Step 2 Prewriting: ThereRead MoreEssay about Middle Vs. Modern English in the Canterbury Tales857 Words   |  4 PagesMiddle vs. Modern English in The Canterbury Tales As its name suggests, Middle English is the language that was spoken in the country of England around the 12th to 15th centuries. Middle English became the prominent language in England near the end of the 11th century shortly after the Norman invasion by William the Conqueror in 1066. Unlike Englands preceding language, Old English, Middle English evolved into much more of a written language. There were many writers and educated English scholarsRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer Essay1115 Words   |  5 Pages The Canterbury Tales is a set of stories written by Geoffrey Chaucer in the fourteenth century. The stories were told by a group of pilgrims traveling to Canterbury Cathedral, in hopes to see a shrine of Saint Thomas Becket. To make time go by the host recommended each pilgrim tell a tale. The tale that each character gives, reveals that person’s background and life. Some pilgrims matched their stereotype of that time but most do not. The Prioress, Mada me Eglentyne, and Wife of Bath, Allison, areRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer952 Words   |  4 PagesIn The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, the life of the nobility compared to that of the poor proves to be a much harder life to live because of the many obligations and responsibilities. Chaucer ironically portrays this notion in The Nun’s Priest’s Tale, contrasting the easy life of the widow, who is poor, with Chanticleer, a rich rooster. The widow’s life is much easier because she does not have to worry about keeping up with the societal expectations of the rich. Whereas, Chanticleer, theRead MoreMoral In The Canterbury Tales1221 Words   |  5 PagesThe Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales have an ultimate lesson at the end, just as every other literary work does. In some of them, he simply states what it is, or some may have to be inferred. During the time, many social and historical events were taking place, and in some instances, Chaucer chose to base the moral around it. While reading The Canterbury Tales, the audience gets entertainment and a basic knowledge of what life what like through the lessons he presents. All of the tales moralsRead MoreCanterbury Tales Character Analysis1334 Words   |  6 PagesThe Canterbury Tales is a written work, by Geoffrey Chaucer, that is a representation of the society he lived in. His work portrays the feudal system during the medieval times and how each level of livelihood was a character, whose personalities reflect how Chaucer and his culture view them. During his time, his society regarded the Christian Church as corrupt and manipulative, with a few clergy who are honest and genuine in their exertion. Therefore, the ecclesiastical persona has the dispositions

Syrian And The Syrian Civil War - 1191 Words

Introduction The nation of Syria is one that has endured very difficult times in recent years due to a large amount of internal conflict and structural collapse on a political level. Due to the current state of our nation and nations abroad, we should not allow Syrian refugees to enter the U.S. at this time to ensure the safety of those already in the country. The Situation in Syria In recent years, there has been an extreme shift in the desire for change throughout Syria on a political level. The large surge of Syrian refugees is a direct result of the Syrian civil war and the extreme violence that it has created. The Syrian civil war began in 2011 with the execution of several democratic student protestors who were caught spreading antigovernment propaganda. The killing of these students only furthered the protester’s resolve; thus, citizens began to take up arms and fight back against Syria’s national government while demanding the resignation of their president, Al-Asaad. First, the idea was for citizens to defend themselves from police brutality; however, it quickly turned into full scale territory wars between the government of Syria and democratic protestors (Rodgers, 2015). The sheer brutality and amount of fighting in the streets quickly rose in only a few short years. The overall death toll of the civil war in Syria has grown exponentiall y, from about 90,000 in 2012, to over 250,000 in 2015 (Rodgers, 2015). The fighting has caused millions to flee from Syria toShow MoreRelatedThe Syrian Civil War1526 Words   |  7 Pages The Syrian Civil War has had a profound effect of all Syrians as well as neighbouring countries and the international community. With more than 11 million homeless Syrians comes consequences beyond what most of the world population has ever experienced or anticipated. Of the displaced, almost 5 million are refugees outside Syria and around 6 million have been displaced inside Syria, with half of all displaced Syrians being children. The main causes of displacement amongst the population is theRead MoreThe Syrian Civil War800 Words   |  4 Pagesoften, with political motives. Since the start of the Syrian civil war in 2011, the United Nations have tried to adopt a resolution that would refer the situation in Syria to the International Criminal Court who would commission the investigation of the horrific war crimes being committed in the country. However, due to vetoes from the Chinese and the Russian governments, the United Nations has been unable to sanction the investigation of war crimes in Syria, allowing for a culture of impunity toRead MoreThe Syrian Civil War1677 Words   |  7 Pageswas discussing the Syrian Civil War and the necessary action outside countries should take against the Syrian government to protect innocent Syrian civilians. The United States and its allies wanted to support the opposition of the regime, but they were conflicted on when and why they should take military action, not wanting to be dragged into another war in the Middle East. The documentary Red Lines follows a Syrian activist, Razan Shalab al-Sham and the director of the Syrian Emergency TaskforceRead MoreThe Syrian Civil War846 Words   |  3 PagesSyria’s civil war. It all started in 2011 in the Syrian city of Deraa. Syrians protested after 15 schoolchildren had been arrested and tortured for writing anti-government graffiti on a wall. The protest was peaceful to begin with calling for the kids release, but the government responded angrily. On March 18, 2011 th e syrian army opened fire on protesters, killing four people. People were shocked and angry at what had happened and soon the unrest spread to other parts of the country. Read MoreThe And The Syrian Civil War2434 Words   |  10 Pagesorganizations spreading these truthless allegations and misconceptions. Most westerners view the Syrian Civil War as a fight between an evil regime led by the brutal and malicious Bashar Al-Assad, and Peaceful democracy seeking freedom fighters. The Syrian Civil War has been waging for over half a decade, and has gradually diminished into a war of attrition. The conflict was thrust into existence after Sunni-Arab Syrians became especially enthusiastic about the Arab Spring. The Rebel Bloc in Syria is oftenRead MoreThe Syrian Civil War2000 Words   |  8 PagesThe precursor to the Syrian Civil War dates back to when Hafez al-Assad, a Baathist, seized power through a coup d’à ©tat in 1970. Since 1970 Syria is a semi-presidential republic, with Bashar al-Assad as the current president and head of state. Conversely, Hafez groomed his charismatic son, Bassel, as the future president of Syria, while Bashar lived under the shadow of his elder brother. Bashar in comparison to his brother was an intellectual and exhibited a quiet and reserved demeanour. HoweverRead MoreThe Syrian Civil War1590 Words   |  7 PagesSince the Syrian Civil War began in 2011 many countries have gotten involved on both sides, Russia, China, and Iran have placed their support behind the President of Syria Bashar al-Assad, while countries like France, the United States, and those in the European Union and United Nations support the rebel group of the Syrian National Coalition. I am going to be advising French officials President Francois Hollande and Foreign Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault on how to end the Syrian Civil War with the helpRead MoreThe Syrian Civil War1497 Words   |  6 PagesOver the course of less than five years, the Syrian civil war has caused the displacement of over 10 million people of this nation. The rise of ISIS in conjunction with a corrupt government has left millions of men, women, and children without a country to call their home, and the branding of refugee status. Within the international system, sovereign nations have a responsibility to provide for these persons under the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (Cherem 2015). While this expectationRead MoreThe And The Syrian Civil War2429 Words   |  10 Pages Being one of the deadliest issues the 21st century have dealt with thus far, more than 250,000 Syrians have lost their life and almost 11 million are displaced from their homes in this nearly five-year long armed conflict. With al-Assad being in power since 1971, many Syrians are displeased with the long-promised economic and political reforms. Hence, many opposition groups (such as the Free Syrian Army) were formed with the goal of bringing down the Assad regime. Amidst all the chaos, ISISRead MoreSyrian Civil War1792 Words   |  8 Pageshow to end up the civil war in Syria. Syrian civil was is an armed conflict, which started in March 2011 and developed into international demonstrations in April. The main conflict is held between non-formed rebels wanted to overthrow the power government Ba’ath Party and the resignation of the Syrian president Bashar al-Assad, whose family rules the country since 1971. Ba’ath Party is neo-Ba’athism dominant government party that has ruled in Syria since 1963. All started as a civil and peaceful demonstrations

The Steel Brassiere - 1885 Words

THE STEEL BRASSIERE by Iris Sheila G. Crisostomo AT first I thought I was hearing the wind whistling through the termite-infested wall of Tiya Andings house. Wind on a hot summer afternoon? Dismissing the noise as coming from rats slipping through hidden holes and crevices in the old house, I rummaged through the remaining boxes for things worth keeping. My visit to Tiya Andings house on J.P. Rizal Street was prompted by a public notice from the city engineers office that the property was scheduled for demolition to give way to the construction of an annex building for the towns health clinic. Tiya Anding was a friend who had no living relatives. When she died, her house and the 300-square-meter lot reverted to the government. With†¦show more content†¦There were shrieks of glee and the patter of little feet running to get nearer for a closer look each time the fountain squirted water once more. Mama, the fountain! cried eight-year-old Jonathan. He was holding his sister Gina by the hand and leading her to the edge of the fountain. Take care not to get wet, I called out. He nodded. I could see him smiling in the distance. He had his fathers winsome smile. I finished my ice cream, my second helping. Later in the afternoon, we wandered through the playground and spent time pushing one another on the swing. Twin metal chains fastened the swing to a horizontal steel bar and once again the feel of the cold steel between my fingers made me think of Tiya Andings breast armor. As the swing swayed back and forth, I closed my eyes and my hand went over my chest, remembering how the hard metal felt against my flesh. The wind was brushing against my face with every swing and I felt like a warrior riding with the wind, charging towards the enemy. Then I felt a drop of liquid on my cheek. Was it a tear? Was I crying? As I felt more drops, I realized a drizzle was starting. I called out to the children and we ran to the parking lot but it was a long way getting there. I stepped on mud and slipped on the pavement made slippery by the rain. JonathanShow MoreRelatedThe History of the Bra Essay873 Words   |  4 Pagestheir figures by squeezing themselves into restricting, and uncomfortable garments. Waists have been reduced and bust lines have been increased, decreased, flattened, lifted or spread out, depending on what was fashionable at the time. The modern brassiere and its predecessors have not only been known for their functionality, but have also been linked with statements of fashion and politics. The concept of covering or restraining the breasts dates back to 2500 BC when Minoan women from the islandRead MoreI Will Use My Own Passion2349 Words   |  10 Pagesdenoted the exact origin of the Ao Dai. Ao Dai are not only a beautiful dress, but it is also a meaningful outfit. The front has two flaps; the first lap represents parental relatives (husband family and wife family). Another short flap acts as a brassiere, located inside two large flaps, representing an image of parents cuddling their children. The collar is V-shaped cut and about 4 to 5 cm long. This kind of rare collar elegantly performs a graceful reflection of woman. Now, the modern collar hasRead Morevictorias secret Essay4715 Words   |  19 Pagesthe corset was often painful and limited movement. Many argued that the corset was responsible for causing miscarriages and deformities and that it repressed and victimized womenviii. The Victorian age yielded greater innovations in lingerie. The steel-front busk fastening, allowed women to put on or take off corsets without assistance. The elastic corset emerged offering more comfort. Laced trimmings and embroidery, and silk underwear were introduced. Innovations in steam molding and dyes enabledRead MoreStrategic Role of Logistics in Kazakhstan21048 Words   |  85 Pagesshipping their exports by air. Second, since air freight is more expensive than sea freight, they can specialise in products with a high value-to-weight ratio. Such products exist in most sectors e.g. cut flowers, peas and herbs in agriculture; brassieres and swimwear in clothing etc. Harrigan documents that imports to the United States from its more distant trading partners have much higher unit values and are much more likely to arrive by plane. Thus, he finds that unit values are between 19Read MoreStrategic Role of Logistics in Kazakhstan21063 Words   |  85 Pagesshipping their expor ts by air. Second, since air freight is more expensive than sea freight, they can specialise in products with a high value-to-weight ratio. Such products exist in most sectors e.g. cut flowers, peas and herbs in agriculture; brassieres and swimwear in clothing etc. Harrigan documents that imports to the United States from its more distant trading partners have much higher unit values and are much more likely to arrive by plane. Thus, he finds that unit values are between 19Read MoreComparative Study of Pakistan Chinese Cultures13385 Words   |  54 Pagescan see looking as uniform as the men one sees in Saudi Arabia. religious beliefs and practices, the dominant culture. If one travels to the source of those Italian style or fashion of dress. Young women wear open blouses that expose decorative brassieres groups of young men outside government office buildings all dressed in the same black suits and 3 as conformity with reigning standards, norms, and rules. It is what allows us to live together in communities by giving us shared signs and signalsRead MoreStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 PagesThat is because along with planning came the planners, the major players in the process according to this school. Thus, one publication urged planners to involve top management at key points, only at key points, such as four days per year in one steel company (Pennington, 1972:3)! The emphasis on decomposition and formalization meant that the most operational activities received the attention—especially, as we 58 STRATEGY SAFARI have seen, scheduling, programming, and budgeting. Virtually

Ethical Issues in the Social Worker’s Roles in Pas Free Essays

Review and Critique of â€Å"Ethical Issues in the Social Worker’s Role in PAS (Ameda A. Manetta and Jancie G. Wells, 2001) Tracy S. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Issues in the Social Worker’s Roles in Pas or any similar topic only for you Order Now Robinson September 2010 (Ameda A. Manetta and Jancie G. Wells, 2001). Ethical issues in the social worker’s role in pas. Health ;amp; Social Work/ Volume 26, pg 3 Introduction The author’s focus was on ethical issues in physician assisted suicide and the role it plays amongst social worker’s. The author’s presented results of an exploratory study of social workers views on physician assisted suicide (PAS). In which social workers favored or not favor PAS and whether there is a difference in education or training on mental health issues, ethics, or suicide that may influenced their views as well. The involvement with PAS presents an ethical dilemma, which in this article refers to a situation in which social workers think they have no definitive guidelines for professional behavior. The article has current interest because it is important that social workers have been properly prepare and train to work with clients making end of life decision. Summary of the author’s main points Purpose of the study. The purpose of the study was to determine social workers views on physician assisted suicide (PAS). The study involved participant from three separate workshops on suicide that were presented by the first author. The study subsamples sixty-six social workers. The social workers either had a South Carolina social work license or a bachelor’s or master’s degree in social work. The participants recruitment where given a questionnaire that contained twenty-six questions, most of which required yes or no responses. The study focus on how these different elements guide social workers in making ethical decisions regarding intervention with clients. There were areas in the articles that mention how social workers had difficulties in doing that. Summary of literature review as presented by the author. The study found that physician assisted suicide is one of the most frequently debated issues in American Society (Bachman et al.. , 1996; Foley, 1997). The study found that people are divide on the issues. It has brought arguments about preservation of life, autonomy, and self-determination of individual. This gives ethical and moral complicity of end life decision making. The study found that most social worker agrees that PAS should be reserved for people who are dying from terminal illness. However the other percentage that opposes argue that underutilization of narcotics for pain control leaves terminally ill patient in pain during the end of life as well. The finding for the arguments had little research conducted on the etiology of actual cases of PAS. Most of the available data is on suicide among individuals who acted alone. It has found that when people are experiencing personal difficulties or have lowered coping capacity, they are at risk of suicide. However terminally ill people are rarely suicidal, the author’s have shown studies that the main difference between terminally ill patient who become suicidal and those who don’t is the presence of clinical depression in the patients who are suicidal. Summary of ethical issues. There are some ethical dilemmas that occur when there is a lack of knowledge about state and federal legislation governing practice are sufficiently prepared to work responsibly with clients and family considering PAS. Some ethical issues arise when the lack of knowledge may have produced biased thinking in social workers projecting what they want in a situation onto their clients or client’s family. The instruments. The researchers used a questionnaire as their instrument in the study. The survey instrument contained twenty-six questions. The questions included demographic information on age, race, religion, and educational degree. Sampling techniques. There were a total of ninety-eight participants, including physician, psychologists, nurses, and social workers complete the questionnaire. The finding reported here based on a subsample of sixty-six social workers who either had a South Carolina social work license or a bachelor’s or master’s degree in social work. Methods of data analysis. The researchers used the statistical program for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics were calculated on demographic information. A chi-square analysis was used to determine if there were any statistical relationships between social workers who agreed and those who disagreed with PAS by whether they had universal courses, additional training, and knowledge of the PAS law of South Carolina. Data collection techniques. Participant’s recruitment occurred at three separate workshops on suicide. As attendees enter the workshop a questionnaire was administrated to ninety-eight participants. Summary of study findings. The author’s of this article had the following major findings: (a) that social workers in South Carolina are evenly divided about who supported PAS and who did not support it. (b) circumstances under PAS would be favored for reasons other than terminal illness, were two-thirds agreed with PAS if a person had terminal illness, compared with thirty-seven percentage. (c) majority of respondents stated that they had taken university courses or had additional training in the field of mental health, ethics and suicide. Relevance of the article to social work profession. Resolving ethical problems. The authors suggest obtaining information from social worker who works with a broad spectrum of clients would help in formulating policy. Since PAS and legacy of PAS are applicable to all populations. The authors in the article also suggest that legislation should set up some type of ethical practice by requiring that social workers be licensed in one of the three levels. And social workers only should practice in areas in which they have expertise and license in. Benefits of the article to social workers. The social workers may benefits from this article because it makes them more aware about PAS. It also benefits by informing social workers of the accountability of their action when assist clients and their families who request information about PAS. The article helps social workers want to get more inform about the policies related to PAS and how it would affect them has social workers. The article gave them a broader view of end of life decision from the narrow biomedical and single focus on self-determination to one that incorporates the core value of human rights. Critique and Personal Opinions. Critique. The article was relevant to social work practice. The article focused on the issues that needed to be address toward social workers roles in PAS. The authors identify the ethical dilemmas that social workers have been avoiding conflicts in the view of PAS. The research that was conducted was limited due to the fact of its small sample size, but the results of it confirm the need for more extensive research in the area of social work with PAS. Personal opinions. In my opinion I would have liked for the study to have been broader in their selection of participants. I think that there should have been a state wide study done. South Caroline shouldn’t have been the only sate involved in their study. I believe if they had more statistics it would have capture a broader view of what they were trying to get cross. I wonder if they had given the questionnaires at the end of the workshop they would have gotten a better response in data. Improving the study. In order to improve the study what would have been done differently? I think I would have included more workshops of suicide to pull more research from the study. The study was conducted with limitations in it. Those limitations of study did affect the calculation and results of the study. I would have liked the authors to have gone farther into the dilemmas that social workers have with avoidance of conflict. Conclusion. The article included valuable but limited information. The authors of this wanted to focus on the ethical dilemma that surrounded social workers with (PAS). The authors study did point out issues that needed to be address to help social worker want to make better ethical decision when it comes to dealing with end of life decision. This decision should be consistence with social worker values of protection of vulnerable populations in today’s society. The study also identifies the need for NASW to disseminate its professional policy statement to the profession and to broaden their views of end of life decision. I believe this is a great start that the authors brought forth in helping social workers down the path to end the ethical dilemma presented toward PAS. References (Ameda A. Manetta and Jancie G. Wells, 2001) How to cite Ethical Issues in the Social Worker’s Roles in Pas, Papers

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Why did you choose to apply at UCF? I want to continue my education by attending a 4-year university. What better place to do that then the University of Central Florida. IJCF is the 3rd largest University in the country- home to over 53,000 students. Choosing a large university is important to me as I feel it will provide me with not only a plethora of choices as far as degree programs but it will also give me the lifestyle I am looking for. IJCF has over 400 registered student organizations, intramural sports, Greek life and student government. These extra activities will give me plenty of opportunity to meet new people and get involved. Another reason I applied to IJCF is tradition. Ever since my family moved here from New York in 1995 1 have witnessed firsthand the growth and transformation of IJCF. Driving in the car down University Blvd with the gold and black banners hanging from the lampposts alerts you that you are entering the home of the Knights. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Did You Choose to Apply to Ucf? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page From the alumni with their car flags to the students walking around the local malls in their IJCF apparel, everyone is proud to be a Knight. One of the biggest traditions at IJCF is called the Spirit Splash. This is a tradition that takes place during homecoming week and is one of the only times during the year that students, alumni, teachers, local residents and even pets can wade in the reflection pond on campus. Events like these unite a large university and make it seem like we all share something together. Student life at UCF is diverse and vibrant. UCF offers a large variety of intercollegiate athletics that compete in the NCAA Division 1. It has added a brand new arena for concerts and shows, a brand new stadium for tailgating and support of the IJCF Knights. IJCF is located in east Orlando. Only 45 minutes to the beach, 25 minutes to downtown and 45 minutes to the theme parks- it is centrally located and encourages a lifestyle outside of campus. IJCF seems to have everything I am looking for in a school. It offers an opportunity for an excellent education as well as encourages a full and thriving college lifestyle. Go Knights!